Hybrid free-space optical and radio frequency communication system for better connectivity

Abstract

With the increasing demand for high-speed and reliable communication networks, hybrid free space optical (FSO) and radio frequency (RF) systems offer a promising solution to enhance connectivity in diverse environments. This paper offers an in-depth analysis of hybrid FSO-RF communication systems, examining their design, operational principles, and performance under different environmental conditions. FSO communications, characterized by high bandwidth and low interference, often face reliable problems in bad weather conditions. In contrast, RF communication provides stable performance but is limited by low data rates and sensitivity to interference. By combining these technologies, hybrid systems can benefit from the benefits of both, ensuring faster data transfer with more reliability. This study discusses the architecture of hybrid systems, focuses on switching mechanisms that improve signal quality based on environmental factors, and estimates performance metrics such as data rates, delays, and error rates. Additionally, current applications in urban, rural, and emergency response scenarios are highlighted, as well as future directions for integrating hybrid systems with emerging technologies such as 5G and 6G. The results suggest that hybrid FSO-RF systems may play a transformative role in modern telecommunications, providing robust connectivity solutions suitable for different use cases.