Neonatal Jaundice in the Green Mountain Region: An Analytical Study of Prevalence and Laboratory Indicators"

Abstract

This research presents a clinical and epidemiological investigation into neonatal jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia) within the Green Mountain Region of northeastern Libya (Derna, Al-Qubbah, and Ain Mara). The study analyzed the prevalence and biochemical variations in 489 symptomatic newborns from January 2020 to May 2022. Statistical analysis using SPSS (V. 20) demonstrated that the highest susceptibility occurs during the early neonatal stage (under one month), representing 79.95% of cases. Gender-based distribution showed a higher incidence in males (51.7%) compared to females (48.3%), although the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Laboratory findings indicated a mean Total Bilirubin (TB) of 4.76 mg/dL, with critical peak values reaching 19.3 mg/dL, placing infants at a high risk of acute bilirubin encephalopathy. The study concludes that hepatic immaturity is the primary factor, exacerbated by potential G6PD deficiency and blood group incompatibilities. We recommend mandatory early screening and the expansion of phototherapy facilities in the region to prevent Kernicterus.