Energy Management System Strategies in Microgrids: A Review

Abstract

To accommodate the intricate nature of increasing energy demands, the conventional grid (CG) has been augmented with advanced communication technologies such as advanced metering with sensors, demand response, energy storage systems, and the integration of electric vehicles. To ensure localized energy balance and reliability, Microgrids (MG) have been proposed. Microgrids are low or medium-voltage distribution systems that operate with resilience, and regulate the exchange of power between the main grid, locally distributed generators (DGs), and consumers using intelligent energy management techniques. This paper provides a concise overview of MG, its operations, and a review of various energy management approaches. Within a MG control strategy, the energy management system (EMS) is the critical component responsible for balancing the available energy resources (CG, DG, ESS, and EVs) and loads, while contributing to the utility's profit. This article categorizes the methodologies utilized for EMS based on their structure, and control employed. Additionally, unexplored areas with potential for further research are identified