A Comprehensive Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Power System

Abstract

The growing complexity and demands of modern electrical power systems necessitate the integration of intelligent technologies to ensure efficiency, resilience, and sustainability. This review comprehensively examines the multifaceted applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in power system infrastructure, encompassing optimization, fault detection, cyber-security, and renewable energy integration. By categorizing AI techniques, ranging from heuristic algorithms and machine learning to deep learning and federated learning, the paper highlights their role in solving key challenges in conventional and smart grid systems. Specific attention is given to AI’s contributions in economic load dispatch, predictive maintenance, intelligent monitoring, and cyber-attack mitigation. Moreover, the study discusses the integration of AI in renewable energy management, including solar and hydropower systems, alongside challenges such as data privacy, software vulnerabilities, and interoperability limitations. The article identifies AI not only as a tool for automation and control but also as a transformative enabler for adaptive, decentralized, and secure energy systems. Through its systematic analysis, the study underscores the critical role of AI in shaping the future of power infrastructure in the context of global energy transitions and smart grid evolution.