Optimization of Energy Efficiency in Hybrid Electric Vehicles through Advanced Powertrain Design

Abstract

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) play an important role in the transition towards sustainable transportation by reducing fuel consumption and emissions. This study focuses on improving the energy efficiency of HEVs through advances in powertrain design, including innovations in battery technology, electric motors, regenerative braking systems, and control algorithms. Taking advantage of techniques such as model predictive control (MPC) and machine learning, this research explores dynamic power distribution strategies that adapt to real-world driving conditions. Simulation results show significant improvements in fuel efficiency, energy recovery, and battery longevity, with solid-state batteries and modern control systems demonstrating the most notable advantages. Despite challenges such as increasing vehicle weight, high production cost and technical complexity, the results emphasize the potential of modern powertrain fabrication to enhance HEV efficiency, affordability and environmental impact. This study highlights the importance of integrating these innovations into future HEV designs to meet the growing demand for sustainable and efficient transportation.