Life Forms and Biological Spectrum in Flora Of The Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, North-Eastern Libya

الملخص

This study was conducted in the Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar area in northeastern Libya during the spring of the years 2022, 2023 2024. It aims to analyze the life forms and biological spectrum of the flora in the Green Mountain. Twenty-one sites were selected to represent different topographies with a gradient in elevation above sea level. A total of 833 plant species belonging to 422 genera and 86 plant families were recorded. The results showed that the most dominant family is the Asteraceae 99 species (11.88%), followed by the Fabaceae 86 species (10.32%), then the Poaceae 81 species (9.72%), and the Apiaceae 52 species (6.24%). These proportions correspond to those of the Libyan flora, with 476 annual species (56.42%) and 357 perennial species (42.86%), which are close due to the presence of geophytes belonging 99 (27.33%) to the perennials that are buried beneath the soil surface in summer. The results of the analysis of life forms of the studied plants according to Raunkiaer's classification showed that Therophytes are the most dominant 476 species (56.42%), followed by hemicryptophytes 145 species (17.64%), Geophytes 99 species (11.88%), Chamaerphytes 60 species (7.44%), phanerophytes 45 species (5.64%), and flowering parasitic plants 8 species (0.96%). The ratios of the biological spectrum were similar to the Largest families attributed to their high adaptability to environmental conditions, while climate and topography play a role in patterns life forms in flowering plants.