Response of Two Barley Cultivars to Sowing Dates Under The Conditions of Al-Wasita, Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Libya

الملخص

Date sowing is a decisive factor in barley cultivation, especially under the variable and increasingly challenging climatic conditions of northeastern Libya. In response to the growing need for updated, cultivar-specific planting recommendations, this study investigated the performance of two six-row barley cultivars, Rehan and Mebsher-4, across three seeding dates, early (mid-November), medium (early December), and late (mid-December). under field conditions in the Al-Wasita area of Al Jabal Al Akhdar. The findings revealed that early seeding substantially extended the vegetative and grain-filling periods, resulting in improved kernel traits and significantly higher grain yields (4.62 and 4.55 t/ha for Rehan and Mebsher-4, respectively). Conversely, late planting shortened phonological phases, increased susceptibility to environmental stressors, and led to notable declines in yield and grain quality. Rehan consistently outperformed Mebsher-4 in both productivity and stress resilience, particularly under early planting. These results underscore the importance of revisiting seeding time guidelines for barley in Libya. Aligning planting schedules with cultivar characteristics, especially for six-row types, can help maximize yield potential and ensure more stable production under evolving agro-climatic conditions. This research offers timely insights for growers and policymakers seeking sustainable solutions for cereal cultivation in semi-arid Mediterranean zones.